The Masses Learn Only by Bitter Experience

Justice Markandey Katju
3 min readNov 9, 2023

A few intellectuals may know historical truths and social developments through their study and genuine understanding, but the masses, who are often gullible and easily befooled, learn only through their own bitter experiences and suffering.

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Thus, the Indian masses have learned, after being befooled and kicked around for over 75 years, that the ‘Independence’ of 1947 was a sham, and no real independence. Real independence is independence from poverty, hunger, unemployment, lack of healthcare, and good education, which are still far off. They have realized that a real freedom struggle from foreign rule could only have been an armed struggle, as pointed out by our real freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Surya Sen (Masterda), Bismil, Ashfaqulla, Rajguru, Khudiram Bose, and others, and not the fake ‘freedom struggle’ which led to the phony ‘Independence’ we got in 1947.

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The ‘democracy’ we got under our Constitution was a fraud and bogus, designed to deceive the people into thinking they had become the rulers of the country. In reality, it is only vote bank politics, craftily manipulated by our crooked politicians, who seek power and personal gain. They take advantage of the low intellectual understanding of the masses and the tremendous casteism and communalism prevailing among them to polarize society and incite hatred among castes and communities to win elections.

It is only now that the Indian masses, through their bitter experiences, are gradually learning the truth. They realize that real freedom is freedom from poverty, hunger, unemployment, lack of healthcare, etc., and that the solutions to their huge problems lie outside the system, not within it. To achieve this, they must wage a united people’s struggle to create a modern and just political and social order.

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To wage this historical people’s struggle successfully, the Indian masses must change their mindsets, rise above casteism and communalism (something very difficult and painful), learn who their real friends and enemies are, and make tremendous sacrifices. The vested interests, both internal and external, in the present order will not easily give up their hold. They will seek to retain the status quo by polarizing society, inciting hatred among the people, and putting up fierce resistance.

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But our goal must be clear. We must attain our objective of creating a highly industrialized, highly modern India where our people enjoy a high standard of living, whatever the cost and however great the sacrifices needed to attain it. To achieve this, we have to establish a social and political order that promotes rapid industrialization and modernization. Our people should enjoy a high standard of living and decent lives, with employment, healthcare, good education, nutritious food, and no social discrimination against women, dalits, minorities, etc.

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For waging this historical people’s struggle, the enlightened sections of our people must use all their creativity and devise forms of struggle, as were devised in the great British, American, French, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions by the great modern-minded, brave, and self-sacrificing leaders of those countries. Only then can we achieve real independence and a prosperous India.

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Former Supreme Court judge of India, known for his forthright views on legal, social, and political issues. Advocate for judicial reforms.